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在MySQL dba的日常实际工作中,一个实例下有多个库,而我们常见的备份就是全库备份。那么问题就来了,如果需要恢复单个库或者单个表,怎么办了,网上有很多人都有多种方法,今天,我自己结合众多资料,将实践记录下来,以便供参考。
基本情况介绍:
MySQL版本:mysql-5.5.36.tar.gz
操作系统:CentOS release 6.8 x64 (Final)
[root@pre ~]# cat backup.sh #!/bin/bash/home/mysql/mysql55_3310/bin/mysqldump --defaults-file=/usr/local/local.cnf -E --triggers -e --max_allowed_packet=16777216 --net_buffer_length=16384 --master-data=2 --single-transaction --all-databases --quick | gzip >/home/dbbackup/all_database_bak_471_`date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S`.sql.gz[root@pre ~]# cat /usr/local/local.cnf [client]host=localhost port=3310user=root password=123456socket=/home/mysql/mysql55_3310/data/mysql.sock[root@pre ~]# sh backup.sh
mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || db_log || db_users || mysql || performance_schema |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use db_log;Database changed mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec)
# 从全备份文件中将需要的库的建表语句和INSERT数据拿出来,然后再导入
[root@pre ~]# sed -n '/^-- Current Database: `db_log`/,/^-- Current Database: `/p' all_database_bak_471_2017-12-04_15_36_38.sql > db_log.sql &# 导入库中[root@pre ~]# /home/mysql/mysql55_3310/bin/mysql -uroot -p < db_log.sql &mysql> use db_log; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed mysql> show tables;+------------------------+| Tables_in_db_log |+------------------------+| api_online_logs || onlinegame || onlinegame_gamestats || onlinegame_playerstats || onlinegame_type || osa_menu_url || osa_module || osa_quick_note || osa_sys_log || osa_system || osa_user || osa_user_group || sample || user_online || user_psw_audit |+------------------------+15 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> # 数据已经恢复了
# 先删除一个表: user_online
mysql> drop table user_online; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) # 1、从全备份中提取出该表的建表语句[root@pre ~]# sed -e'/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/CREATE TABLE `user_online`/!d;q' all_database_bak_471_2017-12-04_15_36_38.sql > user_online.sql &# 2、提取该表的insert into语句[root@pre ~]# grep -i 'INSERT INTO `user_online`' all_database_bak_471_2017-12-04_15_36_38.sql >> user_online.sql & # 3、导入到对应的库中[root@pre ~]# /home/mysql/mysql55_3310/bin/mysql -uroot -p <user_online.sql & # 4、查看数据 mysql> select count(*) from user_online;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+| 9 |+----------+1 row in set (0.01 sec) # 已经恢复完毕